Veterinary Science Some heavy metals residues in beef and sheep Liver in Anbar province

The aim of the study To see the effect of location, season and display time on the accumulation of some heavy metals (Lead, copper, zinc, cadmium and cobalt) in sheep and cattle liver. Liver samples were obtained from three districts in Anbar province (Ramadi, Hit and Baghdadi). This study began from January 2017 to November 2017 for all seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn) Samples were taken from the liver immediately after slaughter for cattle and sheep at 8 am and taken at 4 pm for all areas of study. The results of the study were summarized in the quadratic overlap of the animal type, season, location and time as follows:


Introduction
Pollution is a change in the environment caused by nature or human , which in turn causes damage to living organisms. Heavy metals are the most common contaminants (24). Heavy metals are dangerous to human life as they threaten water, air and soil with pollution (11). Some developing countries have indicated that heavy metals are a problem for the environment. The source of contamination of heavy metals is either from the erosion of the earth's crust (16). Or from radiation (22). Crude oil is the source of water pollution (14 , 13). population growth and vehicular traffic are also increasing the degree of contamination of these minerals. Wastewater disposal is also a factor in increasing environmental pollution (2).

Materials and methods
Two types of animals (cows and sheep),aged 1-2 years were used.The samples were obtained and collected from three areas of Anbar province (Ramadi, Hit and Al-Baghdadi). in all seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn), the liver was collected from January 2017 to November 2017 with three replicates. Winter included (December, January and February) ,the spring included (March, April and May) and summer included (June, July and August) ,the autumn season included (September, October and November).Samples of animals were collected at slaughter at 8 am. The remaining samples were left in the sales areas until 4 pm then collect all the samples were stored in plastic bags andbin refrigerated boxes for transporting the meat until the storage place was reached.

Estimation of heavy elements
Heavy metals estimated by the method described by (23): 1-2g of liver in a muffle furnace at (500-600°C) after the ash weight be constant. 2-Weight remaining ash and add 5 ml solution of nitric acid HNO3 3-Absorption was red using (Atomic Absorption-Spectrophotometer) Japanese origin. 4-Calculated the concentration of heavy metals in the samples by the following equation: Heavy metals (ppm) = R×V/D R = reading in atomic absorption spectrophotometer V = the final sample volume D = dry weight of the ash Statistical analysis: Use experiment (A3 × B4 × C2 × D2) was applied with complete random design (CRD) to study the effect of location, season, time and animal type.

Results and discussion 1-Lead (Pb)
The results of Table (1) showed a significant effect (P≤0.05) of the interaction (animal, season, location and time) in Pb element in liver. recorded of Pb concentration in sheep in spring season in Al-Ramadi the evening Highest concentration 38.86 micro g / g liver, while the sheep liver in Al-Baghdadi for the winter season in morning time less concentration 20.06 micro g / g liver. (18 , 25) found that there are significant differences in the level of heavy metals in the muscles and liver of the animal and this depends on the concentration of the metal, age of the animal, breeding systems, animal type, time of exposure, season and place of breeding in which animals live. (20) found that the concentration of lead increases as the animal progresses in age, where its concentration in the liver is higher than the muscles. The results of the statistical analysis showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) for the seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn) in the concentration of the Pb element as shown in Appendix (1). record of Pb in Autumn season Highest concentration 26.71 μg / g liver, while Pb concentration in summer season in less concentration 24.04 μg / g liver. This Result is consistent with (4), which found a significant effect of the study seasons in the concentration of Pb element in animal liver. The results Appendix (1) significant effect in area of concentration Pb element in animal liver. showed significant increase (P≤0.05) in the city of Ramadi with 34.40 micro g / g liver, The concentration of copper in Al-Baghdadi a lowest 21.44 micro g / g liver. This result is in line with what (3 , 4) found to have a significant effect on the concentration of Pb. The cause for the increase in the Pb component in the city of Ramadi compared to the other of the study areas and for all seasons and the periods of study due to the density of the city or perhaps also due to the type of food and drinking water consumed by the animal. The results of the Appendix (1) showed significant effect (P≤0.05) of time in the concentration of Pb element in liver. showed significant increase (P≤0.05) in evening time 27.00 μg / g liver, The concentration of Pb in morning time a lowest 24.61 micro g / g liver. This result is consistent with the Results of (3 , 4). Appendix (1) there is no significant difference in the Pb concentration in animal type (cow and sheep).

2-Copper (Cu)
The results of Table (2) showed a significant effect (P≤0.05) of the interaction (animal, season, location and time) in copper element in liver. recorded of Cu concentration in cow in winter season in Al-Ramadi the evening Highest concentration 34.65 micro g / g liver, while the sheep liver in Al-Baghdadi for the summer season in morning time less concentration 20.43 micro g / g liver. This may be due to the pollution of soil sources and the transfer of water to the animal through the food chain and the cause for the abundance of plants that feed animals may be contaminated by these elements and may be the cause of pollution to the military operations in the city of Ramadi also heavily to the burning operations and operations Cleaning and other oration followed by population density are all factors that increase pollution of heavy elements. (8 , 9 , 10). The results of the statistical analysis showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) for the seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn) in the concentration of the copper element as shown in Appendix (1). record of Cu concentration in spring season 32.03 μg / g liver, while Cu concentration in summer season in less concentration 23.90 μg / g liver. This Result is consistent with (4), which found a significant effect of the study seasons in the concentration of copper element in animal liver. The results Appendix (1) significant effect in area of concentration copper element in animal liver. showed significant increase (P≤0.05) in the city of Ramadi with 33.54 micro g / g liver, The concentration of copper in Al-Baghdadi a lowest 22.80 micro g / g liver. This result is in line with (3 , 4) found to have a significant effect on the concentration of copper. The cause for the increase in the copper component in the city of Ramadi compared to the other of the study areas and for all seasons and the periods of study due to the density of the city or perhaps also due to the type of food and drinking water consumed by the animal. The results of the Appendix (1) showed significant effect (P≤0.05) of time in the concentration of copper element in liver. showed significant increase (P≤0.05) in evening time 33.23 μg / g liver, The concentration of copper in morning time a lowest 25.89 micro g / g liver. This result is consistent with the Results of (3 , 4) who observed a significant effect of the time factor on the concentration of the copper element in animal liver. This may be due to what (1) observed that the concentration of some minerals In the concentration according to the proportion of pollution of those areas. The results of the Appendix (1) there is no significant difference in the cu concentration in animal type (cow and sheep).

3-Zinc (Zn)
The results of Table (3) showed a significant effect (P≤0.05) of the interaction (animal, season, location and time) in Zn element in liver. Recorded of Zn concentration in sheep in autumn season in Al-Ramadi the evening Highest concentration 603.99 micro g / g liver, while the sheep liver in Al-Baghdadi for the summer season in morning time less concentration 560.32micro g / g liver. may be zinc is used in metal plating, alloying, dry battery cells and dental materials. Topical antibiotics and lubricants (7,27). The contamination of heavy metal elements in animal meat and livers is caused by the industrial environment of plants and factories and contaminated with fuel. All this leads to contamination of the atmosphere by minerals and then passes through the food chain through the food chain (28 , 26). These results agreed with what (2) found, noting that the concentration of heavy metal elements in the animal body in the industrial areas was higher than in the rural areas. This was found by (26), where they observed the rise of zinc in animal livers due to grazing in areas with soil contaminated with zinc. The results of the statistical analysis showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) for the seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn) in the concentration of the Zn element as shown in Appendix (1). record of zn concentration in Autumn season 588.71 μg / g liver, while Zn concentration in summer season in less concentration 545.35 μg / g liver. This Result is consistent with (4), which found a significant effect of the study seasons in the concentration of Zn element in animal liver. The results Appendix (1) significant effect in area of concentration Zn element in animal liver. showed significant increase (P≤0.05) in the city of Ramadi with 589.13 micro g / g liver, The concentration of Zn in Al-Baghdadi a lowest 553.77 micro g/g liver. This result is in line with (3 , 4) found to have a significant effect on the concentration of Zn. The cause for the increase in the Zn component in the city of Ramadi compared to the other of the study areas and for all seasons and the periods of study due to the density of the city or perhaps also due to the type of food and drinking water consumed by the animal. The results of the Appendix (1) showed significant effect (P≤0.05) of time in the concentration of Zn element in liver. showed significant increase (P≤0.05) in evening time 584.91 μg / g liver, The concentration of Zn in morning time a lowest 565 micro g / g liver. This result is consistent with the Results of (3 , 4) who observed a significant effect of the time factor on the concentration of the Zn element in animal liver. The cause for this may be due to the exposure of the meat of these animals to the accumulation of metal elements in the meat of animals due to exposure to a longer period of supply (6 , 17). The results of the Appendix (1) there is no significant difference in the Zn concentration in animal type (cow and sheep)

4-cadmium (Cd)
The results of Table (4) showed a significant effect (P≤0.05) of the interaction (animal, season, location and time) in Cd element in liver. recorded of Cd concentration in sheep in autumn season in Al-Ramadi the evening Highest concentration 30.88 micro g / g liver, while the Cow liver in Al-Baghdadi for the summer season in morning time lowest concentration 9.66 micro g / g liver. (15) noted that sheep have the ability to accumulate cadmium more than other animals. (21,5) found that the kidneys and liver were the most exposed to contamination and the accumulation of heavy elements from muscle tissue. This was observed by (19) the cadmium in liver was highest percentage of cadmium in muscle (12). The results of the statistical analysis showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) for the seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn) in the concentration of the Cd element as shown in Appendix (1). record of Cd concentration in Spring season 22.55 μg / g liver, while Cd concentration in summer season in lowest concentration 13.72 μg / g liver. This Result is consistent with (4), which found a significant effect of the study seasons in the concentration of Cd element in animal liver. The results Appendix (1) significant effect in area of concentration Cd element in animal liver. showed significant increase (P≤0.05) in the city of Ramadi with 22.14 micro g / g liver, The concentration of Cd in Al-Baghdadi a lowest 11.84 micro g/g liver. This result is in line with (3 , 4) found to have a significant effect on the concentration of Cd. The cause for the large population density in the city of Ramadi and the military operations in the province against terrorist groups and the frequent use of weapons led to the concentration of cadmium in the liver in the atmosphere, which led to the transition to plant and water and from it to the animal. As observed by (19) in the calves in Spain, where they observed their rise in industrial areas and their decline in rural areas. The results of the Appendix (1) showed significant effect (P≤0.05) of time in the concentration of Cd element in liver. showed significant increase (P≤0.05) in evening time 18.61 μg / g liver, The concentration of Cd in morning time a lowest 11.34 micro g / g liver. This result is consistent with the Results of (3 , 4) who observed a significant effect of the time factor on the concentration of the Cd element in animal liver. The cause for this may be due to the exposure of the meat of these animals to the accumulation of metal elements in the meat of animals due to exposure to a longer period of supply. (17). The results of the Appendix (1) there is no significant difference in the Cd concentration in animal type (cow and sheep).

5-cobalt (Co)
The results of Table ( This result is consistent with the Results of (4) , who observed a significant effect of the time factor on the concentration of the Co element in animal liver. The cause for this may be due to the exposure of the meat of these animals to the accumulation of metal elements in the meat of animals due to exposure to a longer period of supply. (17). The results of the Appendix (1) there is no significant difference in the Co concentration in animal type (cow and sheep).  Table (2) The effect of the interaction between the animal type, the region, the season and the time in the accumulation of copper in the liver of the studied animals